eht13 posted:By the way, their real-world counterparts are often considered to be mitochondria.
Cells II posted:Mitochondria contain their own DNA (termed mDNA) and are thought to represent bacteria-like organisms incorporated into eukaryotic cells over 700 million years ago (perhaps even as far back as 1.5 billion years ago). They function as the sites of energy release (following glycolysis in the cytoplasm) and ATP formation (by chemiosmosis). The mitochondrion has been termed the powerhouse of the cell. Mitochondria are bounded by two membranes. The inner membrane folds into a series of cristae, which are the surfaces on which adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is generated. The matrix is the area of the mitochondrion surrounded by the inner mitochondrial membrane. Ribosomes and mitochondrial DNA are found in the matrix. The significance of these features will be discussed below. The structure of mitochondria is shown in Figure 18 and 19.
Cells II posted:Instead of digesting the smaller organisms the large one and the smaller one entered into a type of symbiosis known as mutualism, wherein both organisms benefit and neither is harmed. The larger organism gained excess ATP provided by the "protomitochondrion" and excess sugar provided by the "protochloroplast", while providing a stable environment and the raw materials the endosymbionts required. This is so strong that now eukaryotic cells cannot survive without mitochondria (likewise photosynthetic eukaryotes cannot survive without chloroplasts), and the endosymbionts can not survive outside their hosts. Nearly all eukaryotes have mitochondria. Mitochondrial division is remarkably similar to the prokaryotic methods that will be studied later in this course.
Genetic Origins posted:Every human cell has a "second" genome, found in the cell's energy-generating organelle, the mitochondrion. In fact, each mitochondrion has several copies of its own genome, and there are several hundred to several thousand mitochondria per cell. This means that the mitochondrial (mt) genome is highly amplified. While each cell contains only two copies of a given nuclear gene (one on each of the paired chromosomes), there are thousands of copies of a given mt gene per cell. Because of this high copy number, it is possible to obtain a mt DNA type from the equivalent of a single cell's worth of mt DNA. Thus, mt DNA is the genetic system of choice in cases where tissue samples are very old, very small, or badly degraded by heat and humidity. Under good circumstances - working from fresh cell samples - mt DNA is the easiest human DNA to amplify by PCR. This experiment examines a 440-nucleotide sequence from the noncoding region of mt genome. Hand cycling is a realistic alternative to automated thermal cyclers, and the high yield of amplified product can be visualized in an agarose gel with a variety of stains. Because each student is amplifying the same region, the gel electrophoresis results will also be the same for each. However, amplified student samples may be submitted to our Sequencing Service, which will generate student mt DNA sequences and post the results on our Sequence Server. Comparison of control region sequences reveals that most people have a unique pattern of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These sequence differences, in turn, are the basis for far-ranging investigations on human DNA diversity and the evolution of hominids.
eht13 posted: By the way, their real-world counterparts are often considered to be mitochondria.
posted: and mitos don't let you throw things around by thinking about it.
DarthBoba posted:And in turn, pretty lethal to you, as mitochondria provide the energy to make your cells run.
T-R- posted:do the injuries alterthe midi count, we don't know.
T-R- posted:-pre-suit he had more midis than Yoda
T-R- posted:So, the midi count the Jedi take COULD potentially be an average concentration per cell of a person and not the concentration of every cell. Therefore, the concentration could go down depending on the body part lost. Just a thought.
T-R- posted:So, the midi count the Jedi take COULD potentially be an average concentration per cell of a person and not the concentration of every cell.
posted:They don't.
posted:The same is true afterwards.
posted:This leads me to wonder if your theory is correct
posted:but for the test to be at all meaningful we need to assume that the reading it gets from a blood cell is indicative of the subject's typical cell concentration.
T-R- posted:We can assume not, but we don't know for sure because nothing is ever said about count, only that his potential is lower.
T-R- posted:Correct, although it might be indicative in a proportional relationship way. The blood sample might give a reading of the blood cells which the Jedi can extrapolate a count on based on a known formula.
T-R- posted:All I'm saying is that we don't know exactly what the count is. Plain and simple.