Author Topic: Declaration of Independence - Philosophical Issues
Kimball_Kinnison 
Registered: Oct '01
6249_Veers
Date Posted: 5/27/07 4:55pm Subject: RE: Declaration of Independence - Philosophical Issues
Ender_Sai posted:
That, however, is not my standard Kimball and it makes me wonder why you're pulling a DM and responding to what you wish I'd said (in order to make your point uber awesome) rather than what I actually said.

The only valid point you made was that you have natural rights because you said so; ie that someone decreed it, it was not just naturally "so". That's actually more robust an argument than Jefferson put forward for why those "truths" were "self-evident", in any event.

Bentham just keeps getting proved right. Nonsense upon stilts, indeed.
Actually, whether you admit it or not, "might makes right" is your standard for supporting jus cogens. The only consensus involved was at the point of a gun. wink

And you have repeatedly neglected several points about natural rights being "self-evident". That simply means that they aren't up for debate. It was a declaration, not a debate. It was an assertion, a postulate.

Just like in the Declaration of Arbroath, it was a simple, straightforward statement that those were certain rights that the Founding Fathers would not tolerate being infringed by the government. In the DoA, they said that if their king violated those rights, they would depose him and pick a new king who would protect them. In the DoI, they said that because the King of England had violated those rights, they were justified in open, armed rebellion against, and separation from the British Crown.

By the standard that you use for supporting jus cogens (where your argument is basically "might makes right"), the values in the DoI are equally upheld. By the standard given in both the DoA and DoI, it is a justification to depose a government.

In other words, by almost any standard, the principles hold up.

Kimball Kinnison

 

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Ender_Sai 
Title: Manager Emeritus
Registered: Feb '01
44324_Kyle Katarn
Date Posted: 5/27/07 5:20pm Subject: RE: Declaration of Independence - Philosophical Issues - Date Edited: 5/27/07 6:02pm (1 edits total) Edited By: Ender_Sai
Kimball, jus cogens was concluded as expedient after the horrors of Nazi Germany; not at their behest. You can tell; Genocide gave it credibility and it wans't a legal concept until 1948...

Similarly, this claim of self-evident is, for want of better words, a mile high pile of bull ****. That's a cop out position, "Oh, they are because they just are, ok!"

You have failed to demostrate how they're "self-evident" or even "natural", and just saying "they are" doesn't cut it.

Again, to Wallace, "If you and I are arguing about something and I reply, "It is obvious that I am right," I have added nothing to our dialog. I may as well have said, "I declare victory." If Jefferson--so often a golden-tongued hypocrite--was not consciously engaging in a debater's trick, he was taking an intellectual short-cut, using a tautology: "It is true because....it is true.""

E_S

 

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Kimball_Kinnison 
Registered: Oct '01
6249_Veers
Date Posted: 5/27/07 6:10pm Subject: RE: Declaration of Independence - Philosophical Issues - Date Edited: 5/27/07 6:11pm (1 edits total) Edited By: Kimball_Kinnison
Ender_Sai posted:
Oh noez, DM has hijacked KK and he's responding to arguments that were never made, tell teh mods!!1!.
That's funny. I was going to say the same about you. You keep blatantly ignoring arguments that are made as you repeat your assertions as if they were undeniable truth.

Ender_Sai posted:
Kimball, jus cogens was concluded as expedient after the horrors of Nazi Germany; not at their behest. What a patently dishonest, or otherwise spectacularly ignorant, claim you continue to make.
No, it is perfectly relevant, and you attempts to dismiss it are quite dishonest.

You claimed that jus cogens was established by consensus, when that is patently untrue. It was not done by the consent of anyone except the victors. If the Axis had won and established their own version of jus cogens justifying their atrocities, would you similarly claim that it was established through "consensus"?

Of course, in your last post you dropped the "consensus" argument in favor of it being "expedient". Expediency is not the same and consensus. Consensus is based on consent, not expediency.

The Declaration of Independence was at least as expedient and by consensus as your vaulted jus cogens. In both cases, it was the victory of the party claiming the authority that confirmed that authority.

Ender_Sai posted:
Similarly, this claim of self-evident is, for want of better words, a mile high pile of bull ****. That's a cop out position, "Oh, they are because they just are, ok!"

You have failed to demostrate how they're "self-evident" or even "natural", and just saying "they are" doesn't cut it.

Again, to Wallace, "If you and I are arguing about something and I reply, "It is obvious that I am right," I have added nothing to our dialog. I may as well have said, "I declare victory." If Jefferson--so often a golden-tongued hypocrite--was not consciously engaging in a debater's trick, he was taking an intellectual short-cut, using a tautology: "It is true because....it is true.""
And you aren't pulling that crap? You are basically saying that your position is true because you and Wallace say it's true.

You completely neglect the fact that it was presented as a justification of rebellion against the "legitimate" government. It is true because they asserted it is true, and they had the force to back it up and win their conflict based on those assertions.

Note carefully what Jefferson wrote, right after what you are complaining about. In fact, it is the very next sentence, continuing and completing the thought.
Declaration of Independence posted:
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. — That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, — That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness.
Note that it says that it is the right of the People to abolish that government and form a new one.

However, note carefully that it does not say that they have to abolish it. Hence, your example of "will I have them if I opt to move to GuanZhou in GuangDong province" completely ignores Jefferson's actual statements.

His statements don't say that the government absolutely has to protect those rights. It only says that when that happens, it is the right of the People to abolish that government. It is purely a justification to get away with a rebellion.

You are focusing completely on the first sentence of that paragraph while ignoring the rest of it. Isn't that intellectually dishonest?

Kimball Kinnison

 

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Ender_Sai 
Title: Manager Emeritus
Registered: Feb '01
44324_Kyle Katarn
Date Posted: 5/27/07 6:36pm Subject: RE: Declaration of Independence - Philosophical Issues - Date Edited: 5/27/07 6:56pm (2 edits total) Edited By: Ender_Sai
I do believe I showed a few times how rights come about as an agreement between the governors and the governed.

I'm not saying I'm right because it's self-evident. I'm saying, the variable nature of rights and the contendedness people have with those variations makes a compelling case in favour of the notion that rights are not only not natural, but entirely dependent on the state.

Let's look at jus cogens - laws above the state. When the international legal community began to agree on the concept of laws above the state, they did so through the United Nations which was an exceptionally more effective organisation at the time. There was no gunpoint, and in fact the concept first gained momentum in 1948. You claim it was not done by anyone except the victors, yet I seem to recall Russia had some objections.

And Russia's objections ultimately impacted a facet of jus cogens.

If nothing else, it boils down to the notion of might is right vs the simple notion of the majority.

Might is right would dictate that as I can force something to go my way, I am therefore right ni doing so.

Yet, in the case of jus cogens, who forced what? If there'd been no broadbased acceptance amongst states of the concept, nothing would have happened.

Hardly might makes right.

And Kimball to a utilitarian, consensus is expediency. "Greatest good for teh greatest number" and all that. happy

I never claimed the Declaration wasn't consensus; I take issue with the intellectual dishonesty of Jefferson - whom has been elevated beyond his station by his compatriots who became unwilling to suffer any criticism of this mere man. He claimed natural rights were self-evident. Yet he never offered, as none of you have except to say "oh but it is in nature! It is, it is!", was any form of proof to this. Was it consensus or expediency that Jefferson attribute, as man so often does, a greater purpose to a mundane act of policy and governance?

I mean, it's fluffy and lovely that he believed God or Superman or the Tooth Fairy or other mythical creatures endowed men in their natural state with right to life, liberty and a white picket fenced house, but it lacks any form of realism to make it more than dewey eyed idealism.

All of the bits above what you bolded work of the assumption a) God exists, which is not provable, b) He endowed men with unalienable rights, and c) these two conditions pre-date and overrule the state.

Prove it?

"Oh, but it is!"

It's not the bold part that's the problem. It's that that mediocre man who is such a beneficiary of American hagiography, claimed that "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness"

I won't even get starter on the plain idiocy, the laugh-inducing stupidity, the stuck behind an eldery driver when you're late inducing rage of having a right to pursue happiness. What utter rubbish.

It's a cornerstone of democracy that the state is accountable. It's nonsense to assume men were given these rights in their natural form and that the state must therefore work around that. Nobody can offer any proof of this natural state except to stare blankly and report around a furrowed brow that now, they are self-evident because, well, they are.

Stop throwing the writings of a "golden tongued hypocrit" around like they have meaning and show me, please, where rights exist in their natural form. Show me. Explain to me how you know they're there, and how they are to be used against a state that doesn't exist.

And then we'll enter the frightening waters of looking at how other states aren't like America (noooo!) and how the allocation of rights varies depending upon a balance of consensus, expediency and the historical conditions which shape them.

E_S

EDIT: Speelugn

 

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Ender_Sai 
Title: Manager Emeritus
Registered: Feb '01
44324_Kyle Katarn
Date Posted: 5/27/07 7:01pm Subject: RE: Declaration of Independence - Philosophical Issues
From "Anarchical Fallacies" by Jeremy Bentham

This is the basis of utilitarian thoughts on the matter, and will explain my philosophical roots in this area. Like Bentham I believe rights are the product of good government; not derived from ambiguous, mythical sources.

Bentham posted:
We know what it is for men to live without government -- and living without government, to live without rights: we know what it is for men to live without government, for we see instances of such a way of life -- we see it in many savage nations, or rather races of mankind; for instance, among the savages of New South Wales, whose way of living is so well known to us: no habit of obedience, and thence no government -- no government, and thence no laws -- no laws, and thence no such things as rights -- no security -- no property: --liberty, as against regular controul, the controul of laws and government --perfect; but as against all irregular controul, the mandates of stronger individuals, none. In this state, at a time earlier than the commencement of historv -- in this same state, judging from analogy, we the inhabitants of the part of the globe we call Europe, were; -- no government, consequently no rights: no rights, consequently no property -- no legal security -- no legal liberty: security not more than belongs to beasts -- forecast and sense of insecurity keener -- consequently in point of happiness below the level of the brutal race


Although I'm not comfortable with labelling indigenous peoples as savages, his point remains.

E_S

 

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Fluke_Groundrunner 
Registered: Jun '01
46306_Holiday Special: Ackmena
Date Posted: 5/27/07 11:30pm Subject: RE: Declaration of Independence - Philosophical Issues
Does "self-evident" as written in the DoL mean 'naturally endowed upon' or does it mean 'deductable through reason'?

 

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Ender_Sai 
Title: Manager Emeritus
Registered: Feb '01
44324_Kyle Katarn
Date Posted: 5/28/07 6:29am Subject: RE: Declaration of Independence - Philosophical Issues
Fluke_Groundrunner posted:
Does "self-evident" as written in the DoL mean 'naturally endowed upon' or does it mean 'deductable through reason'?


"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."

Naturally endowed upon.

E_S

 

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LostOnHoth 
Registered: Feb '00
43871_Stormtrooper Loser
Date Posted: 5/28/07 8:57pm Subject: RE: Declaration of Independence - Philosophical Issues
I think Bentham is dead wrong.

I agree the notion that "rights" are endowed by a mystical force is fallacious , although it sounds sexy, but completely disagaree with this:

no habit of obedience, and thence no government -- no government, and thence no laws -- no laws, and thence no such things as rights -- no security -- no property: --liberty, as against regular controul, the controul of laws and government --perfect; but as against all irregular controul, the mandates of stronger individuals, none.

Indigenous culture, particularly in Australia, may not have revolved around a "government" as we understand the term, but an integral aspect of indigenous culture invloved tribal elder lore, that is, that body of 'traditional' rules and customs which we now describe in Australia as "customary law". Customary law dictated norms of behaviour, imposed sanctions, including punishment, and was handed down from generation to generation by word of mouth.

The Mabo case also illustrates that indigenous culture, particularly in the Torres Strait, recognised that occupation of land by groups and individuals conferred certain use "rights" -not much different our common law concept of possession.

I completely reject Bentham's statement.

To suggest the no government = no laws = no rights = no security causal chain applies to "savages" is just an ethnocentric and racist point of view, and poorly articulated at that, albeit I guess he can be forgiven as that was the dominant point of view during his time.

 

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Ender_Sai 
Title: Manager Emeritus
Registered: Feb '01
44324_Kyle Katarn
Date Posted: 5/28/07 9:14pm Subject: RE: Declaration of Independence - Philosophical Issues
I agree, but factored that in - what he was saying was that natural rights denies justice and you have to understand, as a critic of Brownstone he was very much enamoured with the notion of justice as the most objective force in civilised society.

E_S

 

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Surfer_With_A_Badge 
Registered: May '07
14978_Jango's Blasters
Date Posted: 5/30/07 8:14am Subject: RE: Declaration of Independence - Philosophical Issues
Philosopher1701 posted:
We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.

Are all people really created equal? Are they created at all? If there is no such "Creator", do humans really have the "rights" to life, freedom, etc.?


People have certain fundmanetal rights, simply because they are human beings. Regardless of where people come from, whether from a devine source or from evolution, all people everywhere have the same fundamental rights. It doesn't matter where this person lives, what form of government he has, or how she lives her life, the rights are universal, even when ignored by their own governments.

The Creator part can be taken out without changing the meaning of the docutment at all.

 

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Jabbadabbado 
Title: Senate Floor Moderator
Registered: Mar '99
7388_Throne Room
Date Posted: 5/30/07 8:51am Subject: RE: Declaration of Independence - Philosophical Issues
People have certain fundmanetal rights, simply because they are human beings.

This is not an argument, merely a restatement of the proposition that the existence of fundamental rights is so self-evident it need not be proved.

"Might makes right," is a subtle, liberating truth. Rights must be enforceable to have any meaning. Typically, only governments can do that for people, and to a lesser extent perhaps international law and multinational institutions. People surely can rebel against an unjust government, but not because it's their "right." Either they're capable of overthrowing their government, or they're not. American revolution: yes. Iranian revolution: yes. Tiananmen Square: no.

The idea of rights as social contracts that must be nurtured and enforced in order to exist at all puts the burden on people, not God. If rights are intangible and endowed by God or nature, then we need not feel terrible when we fail to enforce and protect them, as they're still "out there" ...somewhere, unharmed by our lack of commitment to them. But if we and the governments we create are entirely responsible for the existence of any rights conferred on us, then a failure to protect rights we deem important is a catastrophic failure of purpose and character.

 

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Fluke_Groundrunner 
Registered: Jun '01
46306_Holiday Special: Ackmena
Date Posted: 5/30/07 9:00am Subject: RE: Declaration of Independence - Philosophical Issues
Ender, what rights do YOU believe all people idealy should have if you were forced to be the decider?

 

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Kimball_Kinnison 
Registered: Oct '01
6249_Veers
Date Posted: 5/30/07 9:07am Subject: RE: Declaration of Independence - Philosophical Issues
Jabbadabbado posted:
"Might makes right," is a subtle, liberating truth. Rights must be enforceable to have any meaning.
That would be a false statement.

Consider the Declaration of Independence. They declared boldly that they had certain unalienable rights and that they would defend those rights with whatever means that they had at their disposal. Remember how they closed the Declaration:
And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor.
If they had lost the Revolution, would their pledge have been meaningless? Would their declaration of those rights and their willingness to give their lives to protect them have been without meaning?

Not at all. The actual enforcement of rights doesn't give them meaning. It is only in the struggle for those rights that you will actually find any meaning.

Kimball Kinnison

 

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Jabbadabbado 
Title: Senate Floor Moderator
Registered: Mar '99
7388_Throne Room
Date Posted: 5/30/07 10:24am Subject: RE: Declaration of Independence - Philosophical Issues - Date Edited: 5/30/07 10:26am (1 edits total) Edited By: Jabbadabbado
Kimball wrote:

They declared boldly that they had certain unalienable rights and that they would defend those rights with whatever means that they had at their disposal.

In other words, they stated a dedication to those rights and a willingness to do what was necessary to enforce them. The means they had at their disposal included a populist movement based around a shared belief in the rights laid out in the declaration, the emerging economic strength of the colonies and the ability to channel that strength into military spending, etc.

If the American colonists had failed in their bid for independence, then they would have been left with whatever rights guaranteed them by the British government.

It seems to me that there's even less of a need to try to prove the existence of intangible, ethereal rights (are they a wave or a particle?) than to try to prove the existence of God. Either people believe in them or not, and if they do how they act on that belief is what makes all the difference.

 

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Kimball_Kinnison 
Registered: Oct '01
6249_Veers
Date Posted: 5/30/07 12:11pm Subject: RE: Declaration of Independence - Philosophical Issues
Jabbadabbado posted:
Kimball wrote:

They declared boldly that they had certain unalienable rights and that they would defend those rights with whatever means that they had at their disposal.

In other words, they stated a dedication to those rights and a willingness to do what was necessary to enforce them. The means they had at their disposal included a populist movement based around a shared belief in the rights laid out in the declaration, the emerging economic strength of the colonies and the ability to channel that strength into military spending, etc.

If the American colonists had failed in their bid for independence, then they would have been left with whatever rights guaranteed them by the British government.

It seems to me that there's even less of a need to try to prove the existence of intangible, ethereal rights (are they a wave or a particle?) than to try to prove the existence of God. Either people believe in them or not, and if they do how they act on that belief is what makes all the difference.
Once more:

The Declaration of Independence never tried to prove that those rights exist. Both you and Ender keep ignoring that.

It asserts that they exist, and on the basis of that assertion, put forward the justification for why they were justified in rebelling against the British crown.

My response to you was only to point out that you are wrong that rights have to be enforceable to have meaning. That is false. All it takes for them to have meaning is that you have the will to exercise them, regardless of whether they are enforced or not. In the case of the Declaration, they asserted that they had the rights in an unalienable fashion, and they were willing to defend those rights to the death. Clearly, regardless of whether they succeeded or not, those rights had meaning to them.

Kimball Kinnison

 

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