So we know that Anakin cut Mace's hand off because Mace was about to kill Palpatine. But Mace was only focused on Palpatine, so he did not sense Anakin about to attack. Lets say that it was Yoda who was at the scene... Would Anakin respect Yoda more and not attack him? If yes, would Yoda be wise enough to push Anakin back before striking?
My opinion is no and no. Anakin thought he needed Palpatine to save Padme. I think by that point the only Jedi Anakin cared about was Obi-Wan.
My opinion is if Yoda had gone to confront Palpatine instead of Mace it would have been a completely different situation that Anakin walked in on and Yoda never would have been in Mace's place. Without being forced to make a desperate life or death choice, Anakin wouldn't attack Yoda. Palpatine knew he couldn't manipulate and control a conflict with Yoda the way he could the other Jedi so made sure Yoda was far away on the Wookie Planet. And Palpatine didn't know if he could turn Anakin to the darkside if Obi-Wan was there so also made sure he was far away confronting General Grievous.